What’s the safe maximum temperature for my hot water?
The generally recommended safe maximum temperature for hot water in residential settings is 120°F (49°C). This temperature is hot enough for most household needs like washing dishes and showering while significantly reducing the risk of scalding, especially for vulnerable individuals like children and the elderly.
While some older water heaters might be set higher, exceeding 120°F dramatically increases the risk of burns. Scalding can occur in a matter of seconds at higher temperatures. For instance, at 140°F (60°C), it takes only 3 seconds for a serious burn to develop. Reducing the temperature to 120°F extends that time to several minutes, providing a crucial safety margin.
It’s also worth noting that maintaining a water temperature of at least 140°F (60°C) can help inhibit the growth of Legionella bacteria, which causes Legionnaires’ disease. However, this can be achieved through periodic superheating of the tank (shocking) rather than continuous storage at such a high and dangerous temperature. Consider consulting with a qualified plumber about the best approach for balancing safety and hygiene in your specific situation. Many newer water heaters also have an anti-scald feature that automatically limits the maximum temperature.
Here are approximate scalding times at different temperatures:
- 120°F (49°C): More than 5 minutes
- 130°F (54°C): About 30 seconds
- 140°F (60°C): About 3 seconds
- 150°F (66°C): Less than 2 seconds
What if my water heater doesn’t have a visible temperature setting?
If your water heater lacks an obvious temperature dial or display on the exterior, the thermostat is likely located behind an access panel on the side of the tank. These panels are typically small, square or rectangular, and secured with one or two screws. You’ll need to carefully remove the panel to reveal the thermostat and its adjustment dial.
Many older or less expensive water heaters conceal the thermostat behind an insulated panel. Before removing anything, always turn off the power to the water heater at the circuit breaker to prevent electrical shock. Once the power is off, carefully remove the access panel(s) (there may be one for the upper and lower heating elements/thermostats). Inside, you’ll usually find a dial or adjustment screw with temperature markings, or potentially a simple “+” and “-” to indicate warmer or cooler settings. Use a flathead screwdriver to adjust the dial to your desired temperature, typically recommended to be no higher than 120°F (49°C) to prevent scalding and conserve energy.
After making your adjustment, carefully replace the insulation and access panel, securing it tightly. Wait a few hours for the water to heat up to the new temperature and then test it at a faucet, remembering that it will take some time for the hot water to reach the fixture. If you’re still not satisfied with the water temperature, you can repeat the process, making small adjustments each time until you achieve your desired level. Be patient and always prioritize safety by turning off the power before accessing the thermostat. If you are uncomfortable working with electrical components, contact a qualified plumber or electrician.
How do I turn up the hot water in an apartment building?
Unfortunately, you likely cannot directly control the hot water temperature in an apartment building. Hot water is typically provided by a central water heater managed by the building management or landlord. Adjusting the temperature yourself is usually not permitted and could potentially damage the system, affect other tenants, or even violate your lease agreement.
Instead of attempting to adjust the system yourself, the best course of action is to contact your landlord or building management. Explain the issue – that the hot water isn’t hot enough for your liking or needs. They are responsible for maintaining the building’s systems, including the hot water supply. They may be able to adjust the central water heater’s temperature, investigate potential problems like insufficient insulation in the pipes leading to your unit, or even address issues with the heater itself.
When you contact your landlord, be specific about the problem. Describe the water temperature you are experiencing, the times of day it seems to be an issue, and any other relevant details. This information will help them diagnose the problem more effectively. Remember to remain polite and respectful, as they are more likely to be responsive and helpful if you approach them in a constructive manner. If the hot water issue persists despite your initial report, follow up with your landlord to ensure the problem is being addressed.